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Vehicle emissions testing in the United States

Does your car need an emissions test, and where do the stations stand?

27 of the 50 states and DC still require emissions testing somewhere, most only in certain counties. Every rule on this site is quoted from the state agency's own page with the date we checked it. For New York we go further: inspection counts and emissions fail rates for every licensed station, from the DMV's public records.

Rules by state New York station data

States that require emissions testing

Changing now: New Hampshire (program suspended); North Carolina (required now; repeal pending). Texas rules county by county are on our Texas site.

New York open data

12,402,869 New York inspections, station by station

The New York DMV publishes every vehicle inspection. We add them up per station for Sep 2025 to Aug 2026: how busy each station is, how often vehicles fail the initial emissions test there, how many tests are OBDII scans, and which makes it sees most.

public stations with a current license
8,045public stations with a current license
inspections at all DMV-licensed facilities, Sep 2025 to Aug 2026
12,402,869inspections at all DMV-licensed facilities, Sep 2025 to Aug 2026
initial emissions fail rate
4.6%initial emissions fail rate
of initial inspections were OBDII
69%of initial inspections were OBDII

Find a NY stationFail rates by countyFail rates by make